Binders used in functional coatings (e.g. electrodes) act as ‘glue’, which secures the active material to current connector and keeps its structural integrity. Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) binder (PTFE) characterises with very good chemical and temperature stability. It is recommended for free-standing electrodes. Other quantities are available on request.

Application note PTFE emulsion is mixed with active material and other additives in mortar to form a paste, which can be rolled into sheet of desired thickness. Ratio can range from 30:70 to 1:99, respectively, depending on application, active material, additives etc. Ethanol is used to adjust viscosity if necessary. The water is removed after drying at 120° To remove wetting agent dry at 270°C. For best mechanical properties, sintering of PTFE particles at 340°C can be performed.